The kaffir buffalo is a large, strong buffalo with short legs, a muscular neck and a large head with a broad muzzle and large ears. It is the largest hollow-horned hoofed animal in Africa. It has short fur. Adult kaffir buffalo are usually red to dark grey or black. Younger animals are usually reddish brown in colour. The underside and chin are lighter in colour, up to creamy white. The tail is long and ends in a black tassel. The ears are large, round and tasselled. Both males and females have heavy, side-curling horns. The horns are good weapons against predators. The size and shape of the horns vary by region, subspecies, sex and age. Old bulls have the largest horns.
The kaffir buffalo has a head-rump length of 170 to 340 centimetres, a tail length of 50 to 80 centimetres, a shoulder height of 100 to 170 centimetres and a body weight of 250 to 850 kilograms.
The kaffir buffalo's eyesight is quite poorly developed, and hearing moderate, but the animal has a strong sense of smell. Because the species does not rely on vision, even blind animals can reach high ages.
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