Australia (English: Australia), officially the Commonwealth of Australia (Commonwealth of Australia), is a southern hemisphere country consisting of the Australian mainland and a large number of islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, of which Tasmania (to the southeast) is the largest. The country lies northwest of New Zealand and south of Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. It has an area of 7,692,000 km², making it the sixth largest country in the world by area. Of its approximately 27 million inhabitants, most live in and near major cities, such as Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. The capital city is Canberra.
Australia's original inhabitants are the Aborigines. They inhabited the country for several tens of thousands of years before immigration from Europe began. After Willem Jansz noticed Australia in 1606, it was not until 1770 that the east coast was colonised by the British, who initially used the island as a penal colony. From 1650 to 1817, the whole continent was called New Holland; the names Arnhemland, New Zealand and Tasmania still today recall the Dutch explorations in this area. New South Wales was the first colony in 1788 and five more colonies followed in the 19th century, the predecessors of today's Australian states. On 1 January 1901, the six colonies merged into one federation and became (although not yet fully) independent of the United Kingdom. Australia derives its sovereignty from the so-called settled colony principle, which stipulates that the country was colonised peacefully.
Conceived by Harry Herman, visualized with AI.